The combined effects of morphine and d-amphetamine on the threshold for brain stimulation reward.

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, Vol. 28, No. 2. (October 1987), pp. 311-315.

The effect of morphine and d-amphetamine co-administration on the threshold for rewarding intracranial electrical stimulation was studied in rats with electrodes stereotaxically implanted in the medial forebrain bundle-lateral hypothalamic or ventral tegmental area of the brain. Thresholds were determined by means of a rate-independent psychophysical method. Individually, morphine and d-amphetamine both caused a dose-related lowering of the reward threshold. Low doses of morphine or d-amphetamine which were ineffective or minimally effective in lowering the reward threshold were then tested with various doses of either d-amphetamine or morphine, respectively. In both cases, the combined administration of morphine and d-amphetamine resulted in a lowering of the reward threshold that was greater than for the corresponding doses of morphine and d-amphetamine when given alone. Given that increased sensitivity for rewarding brain stimulation has been suggested to be an animal model of drug-induced euphoria, this effect is congruent with the reported increase in the degree of euphoria produced when amphetamine is used in conjunction with opiate drugs.

Quet-en-Beaumont

Resumen: Página nueva: {{Localidad de Francia | nomcommune= Quet-en-Beaumont | imagen_bandera = |imagen= |région=[[Ródano-Alpes]] |département=[[Isère]] |arrondissement=[[distrito de Grenoble]] |canton=...

---

{{Localidad de Francia
| nomcommune= Quet-en-Beaumont
| imagen_bandera =
|imagen=
|région=[[Ródano-Alpes]]
|département=[[Isère]]
|arrondissement=[[distrito de Grenoble]]
|canton=[[cantón de Corps]]
|insee=38329
|cp=38970
|maire=
|mandat=[[2001]]-[[2008]]
|nomhab=Quétourins (en [[idioma francés|francés]])
|intercomm=[[Communauté de communes du Pays de Corps]]
|longitude=
|latitude=
|alt moy=
|alt mini=
|alt maxi=
|hectares=
|km²=
|sans=49
|date-sans=1999

}}
''' Quet-en-Beaumont ''' es una población y [[comuna francesa]], en la región de [[Ródano-Alpes]], [[departamentos de Francia|departamento]] de [[Isère]], en el [[distrito de Grenoble]] y [[cantón de Corps]].
==Demografía==
{{DemogFR|
1962 =
177 |
1968 = 94 |
1975 = 46 |
1982 = 45 |
1990 = 36 |
1999 = 49|
= |
sansdoublescomptes= 1962 }}
==Enlaces externos==
* [http://www.recensement.insee.fr/RP99/rp99/co_navigation.co_page?nivgeo=C&codgeo=38329&theme=ALL&typeprod=ALL&quelcas=LISTE INSEE]
[[Categoría:Localidades de Isère|Quet en Beaumont]]
{{miniesbozo|geografía de Francia}}[[fr:Quet-en-Beaumont]]

Vegan Bites: Getting Serious, Cooking, And Podcasts

Here are your vegan updates for the week. Enjoy!

• Nathan Schneider wrote Time To Get Serious, which is a simplification of some current animal rights philosophy.
• Gary L. Francione is starting a series called Vegan Education Made Easy. Here’s the first essay.
• The Urban Vegan gives some tips on training your palette.
• Cafe VegNews has tasty food photo, as usual. This one looks great.
• Eric Prescott reminds us to make sure our activism fits our goals.
• Animal Person talks about meat-eaters and terrified wildlife.
• Hezbolah Tofu, forking Anthony Bourdain for charity, needs more veganized recipes.
• New podcasts out from VeganFreak Radio and Compassionate Cooks.
• Video tour of Moby’s kitchen here.